Como reutilizar corretamente a conexão com o Mongodb através da aplicação e módulos do NodeJs

Pode criar um módulo mongoUtil.js que tem funções tanto para se ligar a mongo como para devolver uma instância de Mongo db:

var MongoClient = require( 'mongodb' ).MongoClient;

var _db;

module.exports = {

  connectToServer: function( callback ) {
    MongoClient.connect( "mongodb://localhost:27017/marankings", function( err, db ) {
      _db = db;
      return callback( err );
    } );
  },

  getDb: function() {
    return _db;
  }
};

var mongoUtil = require( 'mongoUtil' );

mongoUtil.connectToServer( function( err ) {
  // start the rest of your app here
} );

var mongoUtil = require( 'mongoUtil' );
var db = mongoUtil.getDb();

db.collection( 'users' ).find();

A razão pela qual isto funciona é que no nó, quando os módulos são require ' d, eles só são carregados / obtidos uma vez, por isso você só vai acabar com uma instância de _db e mongoUtil.getDb() irão sempre retornar o mesmo instancia.

Se estiver a usar o Express, então pode usar o Móduloexpress-mongo-db que lhe permite obter a ligação db no objecto de pedido.

Instalar

npm install --save express-mongo-db

Servidor.js

var app = require('express')();

var expressMongoDb = require('express-mongo-db');
app.use(expressMongoDb('mongodb://localhost/test'));

Rotas / utilizadores.js

app.get('/', function (req, res, next) {
    req.db // => Db object
});

./ db / mongodb.js

 const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient
 const uri = 'mongodb://user:password@localhost:27017/dbName'
 let _db

 const connectDB = async (callback) => {
     try {
         MongoClient.connect(uri, (err, db) => {
             _db = db
             return callback(err)
         })
     } catch (e) {
         throw e
     }
 }

 const getDB = () => _db

 const disconnectDB = () => _db.close()

 module.exports = { connectDB, getDB, disconnectDB }

./indice.js

 // Load MongoDB utils
 const MongoDB = require('./db/mongodb')
 // Load queries & mutations
 const Users = require('./users')

 // Improve debugging
 process.on('unhandledRejection', (reason, p) => {
     console.log('Unhandled Rejection at:', p, 'reason:', reason)
 })

 const seedUser = {
     name: 'Bob Alice',
     email: '[email protected]',
     bonusSetting: true
 }

 // Connect to MongoDB and put server instantiation code inside
 // because we start the connection first
 MongoDB.connectDB(async (err) => {
     if (err) throw err
     // Load db & collections
     const db = MongoDB.getDB()
     const users = db.collection('users')

     try {
         // Run some sample operations
         // and pass users collection into models
         const newUser = await Users.createUser(users, seedUser)
         const listUsers = await Users.getUsers(users)
         const findUser = await Users.findUserById(users, newUser._id)

         console.log('CREATE USER')
         console.log(newUser)
         console.log('GET ALL USERS')
         console.log(listUsers)
         console.log('FIND USER')
         console.log(findUser)
     } catch (e) {
         throw e
     }

     const desired = true
     if (desired) {
         // Use disconnectDB for clean driver disconnect
         MongoDB.disconnectDB()
         process.exit(0)
     }
     // Server code anywhere above here inside connectDB()
 })

./ users / index.js

 const ObjectID = require('mongodb').ObjectID

 // Notice how the users collection is passed into the models
 const createUser = async (users, user) => {
     try {
         const results = await users.insertOne(user)
         return results.ops[0]
     } catch (e) {
         throw e
     }
 }

 const getUsers = async (users) => {
     try {
         const results = await users.find().toArray()
         return results
     } catch (e) {
         throw e
     }
 }

 const findUserById = async (users, id) => {
     try {
         if (!ObjectID.isValid(id)) throw 'Invalid MongoDB ID.'
         const results = await users.findOne(ObjectID(id))
         return results
     } catch (e) {
         throw e
     }
 }

 // Export garbage as methods on the Users object
 module.exports = { createUser, getUsers, findUserById }

Por exemplo, o mangusto é um dos mais comuns. Isto é o que temos em nosso arquivo inicial server.js:

const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const options = {server: {socketOptions: {keepAlive: 1}}};
mongoose.connect(config.db, options);

const mongoose = require('mongoose');

Uma solução testada com base na resposta aceite:

Mongodbutil.js:

var MongoClient = require( 'mongodb' ).MongoClient;
var _db;
module.exports = {
  connectToServer: function( callback ) {
    MongoClient.connect( "<connection string>", function( err, client ) {
      _db = client.db("<collection name>");
      return callback( err );
    } );
  },
  getDb: function() {
    return _db;
  }
};

App.js:

var createError = require('http-errors');
var express = require('express');
var path = require('path');
var cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
var logger = require('morgan');
var app = express();
app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.use(logger('dev'));
app.use(express.json());
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));

var mongodbutil = require( './mongodbutil' );
mongodbutil.connectToServer( function( err ) {
  //app goes online once this callback occurs
  var indexRouter = require('./routes/index');
  var usersRouter = require('./routes/users');
  var companiesRouter = require('./routes/companies');
  var activitiesRouter = require('./routes/activities');
  var registerRouter = require('./routes/register');  
  app.use('/', indexRouter);
  app.use('/users', usersRouter);
  app.use('/companies', companiesRouter);
  app.use('/activities', activitiesRouter);
  app.use('/register', registerRouter);  
  // catch 404 and forward to error handler
  app.use(function(req, res, next) {
    next(createError(404));
  });
  // error handler
  app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
    res.locals.message = err.message;
    res.locals.error = req.app.get('env') === 'development' ? err : {};
    res.status(err.status || 500);
    res.render('error');
  });
  //end of calback
});

module.exports = app;

Actividades.js -- a route:

var express = require('express');
var router = express.Router();
var mongodbutil = require( '../mongodbutil' );
var db = mongodbutil.getDb();

router.get('/', (req, res, next) => {  
    db.collection('activities').find().toArray((err, results) => {
        if (err) return console.log(err)
            res.render('activities', {activities: results, title: "Activities"})
    });
});

router.post('/', (req, res) => {
  db.collection('activities').save(req.body, (err, result) => {
    if (err) return console.log(err)
    res.redirect('/activities')
  })
});

module.exports = router;